Номер 2, страница 185, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

2. Read about a special language used for communication. Check your predictions in ex. 1 and answer the questions after the article.

Sending secret messages

Did you know that you can send messages with flowers? Say you’re in love with someone and too shy to express your feelings. What do you do? Easy! You should send a bouquet of gardenias to that person, which will tell your love interest about your true feelings.

The idea that flowers can convey different feelings and emotions is not new and dates back to Ancient Egypt, China, Rome and Greece. You can find iris blossom as the symbol of power on the forehead of the Sphinx of Giza. The language of flowers has been recognised for centuries in many countries throughout Europe and Asia. Using flowers for secretly communicating your thoughts might have started in the Ottoman Empire, with the arrival of the tulip mania. The prices for tulip bulbs imported from Holland reached exorbitant levels, so tulips were considered to be the symbols of power and wealth and were worn by sultans. Also, the harem women used flowers to communicate without their guards’ knowledge.

Shakespeare used flower symbolism in his plays and sonnets. In Hamlet, when Ophelia goes mad, she hands out various flowers to the different people in her life. She doesn’t give daisies to anyone though, and lays them on the ground instead, showing that the Danish Kingdom had lost its innocence.

By the Victorian era, England and America had fallen in love with the language of flowers or floriography. People were sending each other flowers as messages of love and affection. Between 1837 and 1901 there was the peak of popularity for sending secret messages via coded flower arrangements. In 1884, a dictionary was published, called The language of flowers which contained definitions for each flower. Flowers were used to deliver cryptic messages that couldn’t be spoken aloud.

Some of the hidden meanings came from the names of the flowers and plants, like narcissus – the symbol of egotism (selfishness). Other meanings came from the flowers and plants themselves: their colours, medical properties and even their appearance. Cabbage looks like cash and was meant to symbolise wealth and money. Walnut used to represent intellect as it looks like brain.

The colour of flowers was significant, too. Pink carnations meant “I’ll never forget you”, red ones said “My heart aches for you”, white ones were used for “the sweet and lovely” and yellow carnations meant “I don’t love you any more”.

After the death of Queen Victoria and the beginning of World War I Europe moved into a new era. Men left for war, women went to work, millions died, and gone was the safety of the future and the sentimentality of the language of the flowers.

These days, people ask to exchange numbers if they like someone rather than send a bouquet of flowers. However, the language of flowers can be used not only for romantic relationships. Flowers can be gifted to friends and coworkers, given as condolences or used to express a certain dislike. The meanings of flowers have changed, and, communicating with a friend, you can convey your adoration with dwarf sunflowers, your friendship with a coral rose and your distrust with lavender. Say it with the flowers!

2. Прочитайте о специальном языке, используемом для общения. Проверьте свои предположения из упр. 1 и ответьте на вопросы после статьи.

Ответ: The article describes the language of flowers, also known as floriography, which is a special way to communicate using flowers to send secret messages. This practice dates back to ancient cultures like Egypt and China. It gained significant popularity in the Ottoman Empire and Victorian England, where a dictionary called The language of flowers was even published. The meanings of flowers could come from their names (e.g., narcissus for egotism), their appearance (walnut for intellect), or their color (red carnations for an aching heart). Although its popularity has changed, the language of flowers is still used today for various non-romantic and romantic communications.

Перевод: Статья описывает язык цветов, также известный как флиорография, который является особым способом общения с использованием цветов для отправки тайных сообщений. Эта практика восходит к древним культурам, таким как Египет и Китай. Она приобрела значительную популярность в Османской империи и викторианской Англии, где был даже опубликован словарь под названием «Язык цветов». Значения цветов могли происходить от их названий (например, нарцисс — эгоизм), их внешнего вида (грецкий орех — интеллект) или их цвета (красные гвоздики — «мое сердце болит по тебе»). Хотя его популярность изменилась, язык цветов используется и сегодня для различных неромантических и романтических сообщений.