I. Reading, страница 167, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

Communicative areatesting your reading, listening, and speaking skills

I. READING

1. Read the article from Guardian, a British newspaper. Say what it is about in 2–3 sentences.

Fukushima disaster: it's not over yet

It was an email from an old friend that led me to Fukushima. I had not heard from Reiko-san since 2003. In April, she contacted me out of the blue. I was pleased at first, then worried.

Reiko’s message began in traditional Japanese style telling about the season and her state of mind. “It is spring time now in Tokyo and the cherry blossoms are in bloom. In my small terrace garden, the plants – tulips, roses and strawberries – are telling me that a new season has arrived. But somehow, they make me sad because I know that they are not the same as last year. They are all contaminated.”

Reiko went on to describe how everything had changed after the nuclear accident in Fukushima. Daily life felt like science fiction. She always wore a mask and carried an umbrella to protect against black rain. Every conversation was about the state of the reactors. She asked me to return and report on the story.

The magnitude 9 earthquake that struck Japan on 11 March was so powerful that it lowered the coastline by a metre and moved Japan two metres closer to the United States. It was followed by a devastating tsunami – which rose to 40 m – and did most of the damage. These two natural disasters left 20,000 people dead or missing and 125,000 buildings destroyed. They caused a third disaster – the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant that has released more radiation than any accident since Chernobyl. Six months on, the emergency is over. But another disaster is still here: psychological depression that could prove more devastating than anything that came before.

Low-level radiation is an invisible danger that breaks DNA with results that will not be seen for years or decades. Not knowing who will be affected and when is deeply worrying.

This has happened before, of course. Twenty years after the 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl, the World Health Organisation said psychological depression was the largest public health problem caused by it: “Populations in the affected areas develop a strong sense of lack of control over their own lives.”

In Japan this invisible pressure leads to depression too. Some people say they want to die. Others become more dependent on alcohol. Young people are leaving. And it is a particular worry for those whose DNA is most vulnerable to change: expectant mothers and young children.

With the atomic bombs, the survivors were exposed to a massive dose of radiation in a short period of time. In Fukushima, people are getting a very small dose every day. This is an important difference. The accident in Chernobyl, for example, left 134 clean-up workers with acute radiation sickness. Twenty-eight died within a year. Millions more were exposed to lower doses and a wide area of Belarus and Northern Europe was contaminated. 20 years later, the WHO (World Health Organisation) stated the accident caused 4,000 more cancer deaths – about 4% higher than the normal rate.

Given that Fukushima has released a tenth of the radiation of Chernobyl and taken greater steps to prevent contamination through milk, this would suggest Japan will have hundreds – rather than thousands – of extra cancer cases and births may not be as much of a problem as many believe.

After three visits to Fukushima, I am less afraid of radiation than I was a year ago but more worried about Japan.

after Jonathan Watts

2. Find the extract how Reiko starts her message. Read it aloud.

3. What things cause damage to the people of Japan as a result of Fukushima disaster?

4. What devastating disaster have you heard about? What happened?

1. Прочтите статью из Guardian, британской газеты. Расскажите, о чем она, в 2–3 предложениях.

2. Найдите отрывок, в котором Рэйко начинает свое сообщение. Прочитайте его вслух.

3. Что наносит ущерб жителям Японии в результате катастрофы на Фукусиме?

4. О какой разрушительной катастрофе вы слышали? Что произошло?

Ответ:

1. The article discusses the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster, focusing on both the physical consequences, such as radiation contamination, and the deep psychological impact on the Japanese people. It draws parallels with the Chernobyl accident to explore the long-term effects of low-level radiation and the resulting widespread depression and worry. The author conveys a sense of ongoing crisis that extends far beyond the initial earthquake and tsunami.

2. Reiko’s message began in traditional Japanese style telling about the season and her state of mind. “It is spring time now in Tokyo and the cherry blossoms are in bloom. In my small terrace garden, the plants – tulips, roses and strawberries – are telling me that a new season has arrived. But somehow, they make me sad because I know that they are not the same as last year. They are all contaminated.”

3. The people of Japan suffer damage from the magnitude 9 earthquake and the devastating tsunami, which left 20,000 people dead or missing and 125,000 buildings destroyed. Additionally, they face the long-term danger of low-level radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident, which can break DNA. A major cause of damage is the resulting psychological depression, leading to a loss of control over their lives, increased dependency on alcohol, and people leaving their homes.

4. The text mentions the devastating 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl. This disaster exposed 134 clean-up workers to acute radiation sickness, killing twenty-eight within a year. It also contaminated a vast area, leading to an estimated 4,000 more cancer deaths and causing widespread, long-lasting psychological depression among the affected populations.

Перевод:

1. В статье обсуждаются последствия катастрофы на Фукусиме, уделяя внимание как физическим последствиям, таким как радиационное заражение, так и глубокому психологическому воздействию на японский народ. Проводятся параллели с аварией в Чернобыле, чтобы исследовать долгосрочные эффекты низкоуровневой радиации и вызванную ею повсеместную депрессию и тревогу. Автор передает ощущение продолжающегося кризиса, который выходит далеко за рамки первоначального землетрясения и цунами.

2. Сообщение Рэйко начиналось в традиционном японском стиле, рассказывая о времени года и ее душевном состоянии. «Сейчас в Токио весна, и цветет сакура. В моем маленьком саду на террасе растения – тюльпаны, розы и клубника – говорят мне, что наступил новый сезон. Но почему-то они меня огорчают, потому что я знаю, что они не такие, как в прошлом году. Они все заражены».

3. Жители Японии страдают от ущерба, нанесенного землетрясением магнитудой 9 и разрушительным цунами, в результате которых 20 000 человек погибли или пропали без вести, а 125 000 зданий были разрушены. Кроме того, они сталкиваются с долгосрочной опасностью низкоуровневой радиации от аварии на АЭС «Фукусима-1», которая может разрушать ДНК. Основной причиной ущерба является вызванная этим психологическая депрессия, ведущая к потере контроля над своей жизнью, усилению зависимости от алкоголя и тому, что люди покидают свои дома.

4. В тексте упоминается разрушительная ядерная авария 1986 года в Чернобыле. В результате этой катастрофы 134 ликвидатора получили острую лучевую болезнь, от которой двадцать восемь из них умерли в течение года. Она также привела к загрязнению обширной территории, что, по оценкам, вызвало 4 000 дополнительных смертей от рака и стало причиной широко распространенной, длительной психологической депрессии среди пострадавшего населения.