Номер 2, страница 16, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

2. a. Look at the questions below. Discuss in pairs.

1. What weather conditions can affect our health?

2. What weather conditions can affect our mood?

b. Read the articles and check your ideas from ex. 2a.

Text A

Our weather and our health

The British Meteorological Office in England reports weather conditions to doctors, so they can prepare for an increase in asthma attacks. And in Germany, television stations publish daily weather-related health reports. But are these health forecasts based on anything more than old wives' tales? Yes, they are.

In the course of history, a man has adapted to a certain rhythm of life, based on changes in the environment and energy. At present, it's known as biorhythms. These are the rhythms of the heart, breathing, brain bioelectrical activity. Our whole life is a continuous change of rest and activity, sleep and wakefulness, work and leisure.

The climate has the direct and indirect effect on the person and his biorhythms. The direct effect is caused by the immediate effect of heat exchange with the environment. Influenza (flu), colds, pneumonias (пневмония / пнеймания) usually occur in the autumn–winter. Doctors also realise that a cold weather can bring severe headaches and asthma.

But most experts say the risk of heat-related health problems is more serious. When temperatures rise, heart problems increase immediately, says Scott Sheridan, a climatology professor at Kent State University. High temperatures increase your blood pressure so that your body can cool itself down. But if you can't cool yourself fast enough, your body overheats. This may cause heat stress or even heart attacks. The dangers of hot climates are also hidden in UV radiation from the sun, causing skin cancer.

Changes in weather don't affect the health of different people in the same way. A healthy person can adapt easily to the changing environmental conditions. An ill person is more weather sensitive, as their organism loses the ability to adapt quickly. Some people are so affected by weather changes that may work as the biological barometer.

Text B

Weather can change your mood

Most of us tune into the weather forecast to find out whether we should take an umbrella to work or if we should go to the football match. But perhaps we should listen more carefully, because the day's weather could seriously affect how we feel. It has been noted that our immune system is affected in extreme heat or cold. Mood can also be affected by weather and humidity. Psychologists Howard and Hoffman discovered that as humidity increases above normal levels, so does sleepiness. Besides, researchers have discovered that there is a connection between hot and damp weather and aggression.

Windy weather can also affect our mood. Some winds can create positive ions, which could make a sensitive person feel emotionally imbalanced, for example, depressed and nervous or overexcited and overactive.

But the worst of all are Seasonal Affective Disorders (расстройства / расстройствы) (SAD). About 500,000 people in Britain suffer from SAD, caused by overcast sky and long dark nights in winter. People with SAD become extremely depressed because of the changes in their brain chemistry. They sleep for many hours, but never feel rested. They are irritable and feel unable to work and socialise. But they feel better as soon as the days start to get longer. Moreover, the number of hours of sunshine can raise the level of optimism greatly. “We tell people to take advantage of the sunny days,” says Ani Kalayjian, professor of psychology at Fordham University. “Leave the computers and the indoor games and get out there in the sun. That's when they can recharge their batteries and keep higher mood.”

c. Read again and say how these weather conditions affect people.

Say what kind of weather has the worst effect on people.

Heat; cold; humidity; wind; change of the weather.

c. Прочитайте еще раз и скажите, как эти погодные условия влияют на людей. Скажите, какая погода оказывает на людей наихудшее влияние.

Жара; холод; влажность; ветер; смена погоды.

Ответ:

Heat: can cause heart problems, high blood pressure, heat stress, heart attacks, skin cancer, and aggression.

Cold: can bring on illnesses like flu, colds, and pneumonia, as well as severe headaches and asthma.

Humidity: can cause sleepiness and aggression.

Wind: can make sensitive people feel emotionally imbalanced, such as depressed, nervous, or overexcited.

Change of the weather: affects ill people more significantly. Seasonal changes can also lead to Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD), causing extreme depression.

According to the text, the weather conditions that cause SAD (overcast skies and long dark nights in winter) have the worst effect on people.

Перевод:

Жара: может вызывать проблемы с сердцем, высокое кровяное давление, тепловой стресс, сердечные приступы, рак кожи и агрессию.

Холод: может вызывать такие заболевания, как грипп, простуда и пневмония, а также сильные головные боли и астму.

Влажность: может вызывать сонливость и агрессию.

Ветер: может вызывать у чувствительных людей эмоциональную неуравновешенность, например, депрессию, нервозность или перевозбуждение.

Смена погоды: сильнее влияет на больных людей. Сезонные изменения также могут приводить к Сезонному аффективному расстройству (САР), вызывая сильную депрессию.

Согласно тексту, погодные условия, вызывающие САР (пасмурное небо и долгие темные ночи зимой), оказывают на людей наихудшее влияние.